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If your cake gets warm and starts to lose its shape, remember you can always freeze it for a few minutes. Remember to hold the clay very gently, and work slowly. Texture the cut cake slices too. I generally only do one side since I have the slices laying on a plate. Set your layers, slices, and crumbs on your tile and bake for about 1. You'll need a tile, liquid Kato Fimo or TLS, and a lump of white clay - about 1/8th of your 2oz. Start mixing the solid and liquid clay together. Press hard to get the clays to come together. Enlarge Picture of mixing the solid and liquid clays. Your clay should look approximately like the picture. This may take a while so don't give up! If your clay mix looks too dry like mine did - just add more liquid Kato. Tool Cutting Cake Layers HorizontallyI promise that these will mix! If that's the case just add more white clay and mix it up. Get your cake layers from the oven. When your layer is completely covered (don't worry about making swirls now). Enlarge Picture of icing on the Cake. Carefully put the top layer on, make sure they are even, and set them on your tile to bake. Optional: Making miniature chocolate roses. Take a chunk of your brown clay and work it enough to put it through the pasta machine. Remove the excess clay. Using your razor blade, cut some of the circles in half. Use your razor blade to remove the chain of three clay halves and carefully set them on the tip of one of your non- dominant fingers. Follow the arrows in the picture. Follow the arrows in the picture again. Your little rose should look something like this. Crimp the bottom between your fingers to hold everything together. Bigger Roses: Take one of the whole circles. Continue to add petals, remembering the rules above. You can start to flare your petals a little at this point. To get that little point in the petal I use two fingers - I hold the rose in my left hand and use my thumb and index finger to make the flare. Continue to add petals and flare them. Back to the Cake. When your cake comes out of the oven, it will be time to ice the top. Using a toothpick (cocktail stick) spread the icing on the top of your cake. Spread the icing over the entire top - making sure that the icing doesn't drip over the cut or textured surface. You'll want to ice the top and side of your slices now too! If you have a spoon you can add it now too. You should do whatever is most comfortable for you. Stick a toothpick into the bottom of the scrap clay to use as a handle. Continue icing all the way around. You do have to bake this. If you'd like to add a bit of shine to your icing, let your cake cool and paint it with some acrylic varnish. All photographs and text appearing in this tutorial are the exclusive property of Betsy Niederer. Permission is explicitly denied for any republication of text or photographs in this article without the prior express written consent of the author.
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VIDEO on youtube that is a quick tour of Shoal Sanctuary. Shoal Sanctuary is in the panhandle of Florida, west of the protected critical habitat of the species along the Apalachicola River. For details and photos, see Photo- essay: Children Plant Torreya Seeds at Shoal Sanctuary (FL) (which is updated as project produces results). September 2. 01. 6 / Frank Callahan /Torreya Guardians offered seeds from documented trees in Oregon ! Please contact me if you could use some seeds. These are both monoecious trees that are loaded with fruit. He has published in Herbertia and Phytologia (Calochortus syntrophus/C. Frank owns and operates Callahan Seeds. See a full biography of Callahan in a 2. Native Plant Society of Oregon. Torreya Guardians is fortunate to have received this offer from Frank. We will soon create a webpage For the full and continuing correspondence with Frank. Access a short biography of Frank on page 1. The local paper in Medford Oregon published a news article in 2. Frank's role in acquiring seedlings of the spruce in Mexico and planting them 2. Medford local park. Read this news report online: . Frank is quoted that the Chihuahua Spruce he planted had begun producing seeds and that the trees were doing well: . He also recently documented that the then- champion tree that Connie was photographed standing alongside in 2. Santa Cruz (which fell in 2. August 2. 01. 6 / by Connie Barlow /Video posted that celebrates tree- planting mythic story. August 2. 01. 6 / by Connie Barlow /New discoveries shape best practices for planting Torreya. July 2. 01. 6 / of Lee Barnes /First video . From 1. 98. 1- 8. Torreya State Park of Florida — Torreya among them. Here Lee speaks of his research, his early role in securing Torreya seeds for distribution to volunteer planters, and his broader frame of biodiversity- centric life work. Lee confirms that North Carolina is excellent habitat for this Florida species — and that it is crucial to experiment with plantings much farther north as climate continues to change. July 2. 01. 6 / by Connie Barlow /Two- part video report of 8- year old plantings in Lake Junaluska, NC 2. Root- eating rodents kill endangered Florida Torreya at Junaluska NC Of the 5 remaining Torreyas planted in 2. Both of the uninjured young trees are being dangerously encroached upon by rapidly expanding rhododendron patches. Connie Barlow narrates, with assistance by Michael Dowd. Note: This is a 2. Corneille Bryan Garden in Lake Junaluska, NC. May 2. 01. 6 2. 0b: Two biggest Florida Torreya trees still thriving at Junaluska NC in 2. Both trees planted in full sun (as potted seedlings) in the upper end of Corneille Bryan Garden in 2. A key finding is that neither specimen produced vertical apical growth in 2. May 2. 01. 6July 2. Connie Barlow /Video report posted on youtube of superb growth on Torreyas in central Ohio 1. Florida Torreya to Ohio's Dawes Arboretum (pt b) 2. Documents superb annual growth on the two Florida Torreya specimens beneath a full deciduous canopy (and protected from winter winds by a border of evergreen conifers). Confirms 1- month difference in vegetational budburst bt the Florida Torreya (May budburst) and adjacent Chinese Torreya (June budburst). Speculation on the importance of nearby maple helping the Torreyas by shared fungal root symbionts. June 1. 8, 2. 01. July 2. 01. 6 / by Connie Barlow /Information on uses of Torreya grandis seeds in Chinese markets. June 2. 01. 6 / by Connie Barlow /More experimentation needed in . We at Torreya Guardians were prominently mentioned in those early papers and reports, because at the time Torreya taxifolia was about the only example of a species actually being deliberately moved poleward to escape the adverse impacts of climate change already experienced in its native range. Because that webpage is so voluminous, I just added a new, directly accessible section that will list new entries by year. Check out the 2 entries thus far included for 2. Highly recommended for its superb background and implications for North American forests is the July 2. The Economist, titled . Significant findings: Watch an . Learn how to assess plant vigor and important measurements to record. Buford's trees are all from 2. Torreya Guardians seed harvests. May 2. 01. 6 1. 9b: Florida Torreya to Brevard NC: 2. Report. The last half of Buford Pruitt's tour of his 1. Three apparently are planted on the compacted soil of an old logging road, and are struggling. Connie steers a discussion of the overall forest health: Why is there so little greenery on the forest floor? Pieced in are video segments of the lush greenery surrounding the original torreya plantings at the Waynesville site, 7. Overall, this 2- part series is a superb video for all new Torreya Guardians to watch — in order to help them assess their own properties for where best to plant seedlings. May 2. 01. 6April 2. Connie Barlow /Article offers shift in conservation outlook (by Janet Marinelli) . Janet's essay on our project appeared in a 2. Audubon Magazine: . This month, Janet continues her exploration of . Her online essay in Yale Environment 3. America's most beautiful understory forest trees, Umbrella Magnolia — 1. Emily Dickinson. The trees, believed to have been planted by Emily's brother Austin, have jumped the garden gate in recent decades and established wild populations not far from the poet's home. This new location is a couple of hundred miles north of the tree's native range, centered in the sheltered woods and ravines of the Appalachian Mountains, and is the first evidence that native plant horticulture in the United States ? Are climate refugees that hitchhike north via horticulture less worthy of protection than plants that arrive on their own? Do they pose a threat to existing native species? Should native plant gardening, the domestic form of assisted migration, be used to help plants stranded in inhospitable habitat? Click also to the Magnolia section of our links webpage (then scroll) to read excerpts of Jesse Bellemare's 2. Umbrella Magnolia escapees. April 2. 01. 6 / by Daein Ballard /New Hampshire Torreyas survive their first winter. April 2. 01. 6 UPDATE: . On a side note, it seems all of my Torreya have made it through winter alive. Now this 7. 5- year- old grove and its offspring are precious for securing the wellbeing of the species and for demonstrating that (with little human help) North Carolina is an ideal habitat for escaping the native diseases of a now too- warm Florida. Connie Barlow narrates photos and videos she captured on site visits to the Biltmore: February 2. August 2. 00. 6, and April 2. March 1. 5, 2. 01. March 2. 01. 6 / by Connie Barlow /New US Forest Service Report Features Florida Torreya Assisted Migration. Effects of Drought on Forests and Rangelands in the United States: A Comprehensive Science Synthesis, James Vose et al., editors (3. This document is highly recommended as an overview of the current research and for its superb lists of key references by chapter. Only one tree species is mentioned in having ASSISTED MIGRATION underway in the USA. Many commercial (e. Southeastern United States. The widespread plantings of the southern magnolia in the southeastern Piedmont (Gruhn and White 2. Coastal Plain, and bois d'arc (Maclura pomifera) across the Eastern United States (Burton 1. While these cultivated successes could be viewed as examples of the potential conservation value of assisted migration, far less is known about the likelihood of success of this management practice for the species most directly threatened by climate- induced environmental change. Efforts are currently underway to see if assisted migration can help with the federally endangered Florida torreya (Torreya taxifolia) as well as a number of other tree species imperiled by the anticipated impacts of increased drought and higher temperatures on their limited native distributions (Mc. Lachlan and others 2. Williams and Dumroese 2. Fish and Wildlife Service to see if they now regard their ex situ Torreya plantings in northern Georgia as being a foundational component of a developing assisted migration project. So the reference to Florida Torreya assisted migration in this U. GTR and the Thameslink Timetable. There are probably Southern commuters who would claim that nothing Govia Thameslink Railway (GTR – Southern’s parent company) said or did would surprise them. Many industry insiders would probably agree. When rumours spread rapidly about a proposal to completely revise the Thameslink timetable, however, there were various shades of disbelief. The rumours centred on a proposed Thameslink service to Rainham (Kent) via Greenwich. Without any background context this just seemed like a barmy idea . A Thameslink timetable consultation was a complete surprise because as far as everyone else was concerned the whole thing was pretty much finalised. True, it was an open secret that the 2. September 2. 01. 6, by generally accepted industry norms, would seem to be far too late to start consulting on major timetable alterations due for implementation on Sunday 1. May 2. 01. 8. It seems incredible that the Department for Transport fully consulted on what was thought to be the definitive Thameslink 2. Thameslink franchise on that basis, yet we now have major changes being put forward. More remarkable still, the whole basis of having the large Thameslink franchise was so that it would be self- contained and one operator, as much as possible, would be in overall control. If accepted, these new proposals would make Thameslink so interdependent on South. Eastern that the future influence of South. Eastern on Thameslink performance would be comparable with that of Great Northern. So maybe the franchise should have been bigger still or, as some MPs argue, it has already got too big and shouldn’t be taking over every railway on which it runs a significant number of services. We are getting ahead of ourselves, however, and so first we should step back and take a look at what the proposals contain. There ain’t nothing quite like it. It has been said many times that Thameslink, currently run by GTR, is a franchise like no other. To begin with, it is a franchise where the Df. T keeps all the revenue. The unwritten objective for the train operator is therefore not the usual one of maximising profit by getting as much revenue as possible for as little expenditure as possible. It is to keep the Df. T happy so that they continue to pay the management fee. For better or for worse, it seems that a completely unexpected – and largely unpredicted – consequence of this is that GTR is thinking more long term than other non- Tf. L- sponsored train operators. As a result it isn’t going to be panicked into doing something just because there is a loss of revenue . Indeed it is telling that the head of GTR, Charles Horton, is due to give a lecture next May entitled . The aforementioned fact that the 2. Thameslink timetable, in its current form, won’t work. More importantly though, the consultation seems to admit that in its present form simple tweaks won’t work. As far as GTR seem concerned, it can’t be made to work. Facing up to this fundamental truth has thus led to some pretty drastic decision making. Getting into the details. It is interesting to note that up until now all the doom- merchants have claimed that Thameslink will be a disaster because of the problems of running 2. If the rhetoric of GTR is to be believed though, this is probably the least of their problems . The necessary measures have thus already been taken to make sure that it does not become an issue once a full service through the core is run. So what is the bigger problem GTR anticipate? Here, those looking for something exciting and new to read about are about to be mildly disappointed. For we are back to familiar topics at LR Towers – dwell times, reactionary delay and Windmill Bridge Junction. Indeed on Southern territory this junction must be the railway operational equivalent of Mornington Crescent, because it seems the final answer to everything. GTR have clearly looked at the fundamental reason why there is a problem and have come to the none- too- startling conclusion that it is the complex junctions in the Southern metro area. They also seem well aware that in the past few years a delay on Southern territory has tended to set off a bit of a chain reaction, meaning the overall consequential delay tends to be around three times the initial delay. Awareness of the systemwide problems caused by complex junctions is nothing new. Tf. L Rail are well aware of it and for many years have argued for a more Tf. L- style of railway on the Southern network – i. Indeed much of the Turn South London Orange proposal was about sorting out junctions. Sorting out junctions, however, is rarely an exercise without consequence. What was really necessary to solve, or at least reduce, the junction problem to manageable levels was thus an organisation willing to take the flak and actually do something about this – despite the inevitable initial unpopularity. Until now no TOC in their right mind would do such a thing. Far better to keep one’s head down, not upset the fare- paying punters and quietly collect those large delay payments from Network Rail when the cause of a delay can be attributed to them. Call them maverick, mad or brave. Call them forward thinking and full of willingness to take the initiative. Whatever your preference, GTR seem to be the first organisation willing to face up to this.(Evenly) spaced out. On a much more positive note, and something that would likely get the approval of Sir Herbert Walker (of original Southern Railway fame), GTR have recognised that, both north and south of the river, the current timetable is a complete mess when it comes to regularly spaced trains. This is not something that can be resolved by tweaks and tends to involve tearing the timetable up and starting again. It does seem that the proposals would produce a far superior timetable in this respect and this is again something that is greatly desired by Tf. L, who want to see a . The service today from Redhill has gaps varying between 1. It is a major town with a large catchment area and it really deserves a decent service, such as the proposed train every 1. It is hard to see how this could have been achieved without a major timetable rewrite. Whilst Redhill maybe a particularly bad example of a major station with an erratic service, it is one of many examples that can be found. A solution to providing a regular interval service at most stations is not going to possible by just tinkering with the timetable we currently have. It is not only the regularity that will be better if the proposals are accepted. GTR seem to be striving to provide a better service by increasing the frequency. It has to be said that this includes lines that will never even cover their marginal costs, such as the line to Epsom Downs (which goes up from 1 train per hour . North of the river there are similar proposed improvements, such as 2tph off- peak to Kings Lynn (once work is completed at Ely North Junction) though it has to be said that this is not a new proposal and was due to happen anyway. Better service in the evening and at weekends. Another Tf. L aspiration being pursued is the extension of the normal off- peak services late into the evening and at weekends, although it is conceded in this consultation that there may have to be a reduced service on Sunday mornings to allow time for maintenance. As trains get more crowded then station dwell times can get disproportionally large. It is not just the number of people wanting to get on, but how crowded the train is already, as well as such aggravating factors as a long train and a short platform. So it is a pleasure to see that reality has hit home at GTR and they now propose a one minute dwell time at busy times at stations such as South Croydon and Purley Oaks . This would rectify a much criticised issue with previous timetables, where most industry experts regarded the turnaround times as far too tight to allow a service to be operated reliably. Dwell times are only going to get worse as demand increases. The consultation appears to confirm the fact that, despite all the current disruption, passenger numbers are rising on GTR. Let down by Network Rail. Another reality GTR are facing up to is that some of the infrastructure needed to run the previously proposed 2. Probably worst of all is the fact that a terminating platform to be built at Stevenage simply will not be ready by December 2. GTR’s proposed solution is to run trains to Watton- at- Stone and provide a replacement bus service from there or Hertford North to Stevenage. This must produce one of the railway’s quietest terminating stations. Watton- at- Stone, the village where Sir Nigel Gresley died, has fewer than 1. Another disappointment is that there will not be an eight car terminating platform at Reigate by the time the timetable comes into force. The consultation proposes the options of having 4- car trains combine with another train at Redhill or a more frequent shuttle service. The shuttle service would run up to three trains an hour which, when combined with the Great Western Reading- Redhill service, would give a surprisingly good service of 6tph between Redhill and Reigate. Windmill Bridge Junction. More controversially, GTR believe that the originally proposed throughput of trains through Windmill Bridge Junction (just north of East Croydon) is simply not reliably workable. This would appear to be in contrast to their beliefs when pressing for a more intensive 2. For that timetable – the notorious one that produced an unreliable evening peak from London Bridge – it has been suggested that it was at GTR’s insistence that the service into London Bridge was as intense as it was. Network Rail were arguing for slightly fewer trains – not because they thought it theoretically wouldn’t work, but because they thought it would make the service more reliable. Maybe the lesson has been learnt or perhaps it is a case of once bitten, twice shy. Remove The Old Wood Window, Side Trim and Sill. In. This Article: Old window sashes are. Maki. Editor. This article explains how an old window was removed and replaced. Replacing an. old window with a . The previous owner had. Northern Michigan winters. We removed the trim that held the lower sash in place. Not only does Ace Hardware offer the right tools to get the job done. Wood, Coal & Pellet Stoves. Carpet Trim & Edging Casters. Tools4Flooring is your source for flooring tools & installation supplies for carpet, tile & wood floors from Crain, Roberts, Taylor Tools. Aluminum Floor & Carpet Trim. Build Something Extraordinary With Our Large Selection of Quality Accent Molding at Rockler Woodworking and Hardware. Wood Burning Tools; Knife Making Kits. French Provincial Trim-Choose molding wood. How Do I Remove Water Rings From Wood? Kitchen Tools; This Month's Recipes; Home. Organizing; Cleaning; Decorating. The lower sash just fell forward after the trim pieces were. Many old windows simply let the sash slide in a wood channel. Plus, countless coats of. The original. design is inferior, plain and simple. It worked in 1. 90.
Getting the top sash out meant sliding it all the way down. The aluminum storm window frame was removed. And now the fun part.. We took our reciprocating saw and. Then we cut between the jamb and the outer window trim, to. As far as we could tell, this window was installed as a pre- hung. We base our claim on the uniformity of the wood components. How to Cut Wood Using Various Power Tools. Or even how to use it? Tools help make cutting through wood less complicated. Answer this question Flag as. How to Install Baseboards. Removing Old Baseboard Trim Measuring and Cutting Baseboard Trim Installing the Baseboard and Finishing Up Community Q&A. Cut a Coped Joint in Wood Trim Home; About wikiHow; Jobs; Terms. Our goal was to salvage all of the exterior, visible wood. When all the nails were cut, the jamb was removed. We paused to take a photo of the jamb assembly, just before. Then it went to the burn pile. With the window frame removed, we were able to inspect the. A Bit Of Old House Anatomy: 1) Window exterior trim. Framing (stud). The sill, which was attached to the window frame, now only. We removed this piece to. Removing the exterior window trim meant getting the awning. Note how the awning brackets rest on the. These decorative awnings are common on some older homes. We. wanted to avoid complete removal of the awning. After a thorough. At this point we realized that working on ladders would require a. So we brought out the heavy artillery: the ladder jacks. This equipment, while expensive, gives us. This photo shows the ladders and the wooden extension plank. The plank rests on special. We used a chisel to break the paint at the seam. After carefully prying up the brackets, we cut the nails. With successive rounds of prying we managed to place a shim. We used a chisel to break the paint around the top trim. A reciprocating saw was used to cut the nails that held the. Note the wooden wedge below the saw. This. keeps a prying force applied and makes sawing easier. Another view of cutting the nails that held the vertical. The top trim was cut free. The trim was completely removed. The new window had a. Some replacement windows do not require. The lower part of the window opening. Making Improvements To The Window Opening: We drove in 2. We pre- drilled all the holes. Then. it was given a coat of oil- base primer. The other window trim boards were sanded on a belt sander. The Window Opening Was Complete.. BMW E3. 0 3- Series Idle Speed Troubleshooting (1. This article is one in a series that have been released in conjunction with Wayne's new book, 1. Performance Projects for Your BMW 3 Series. The book contains 2. With more than 6. Series owner's collection. The book was released in August 2. See The Official Book Website for more details. One of the most common glitches on the BMW E3. Series is an erratic engine idle. Have you noticed that the idle seems to surge constantly? Does it constantly move between 8. RPM? Does the idle stay steady at 1. RPM? In this tech article I will go over the steps involved with checking the idle system and vacuum hoses. This article is intended for you to learn a little something about your car, and at the same time, point you in the right direction towards fixing that erratic idle. Fifth generation BMW 3 Series Convertible gains extra efficiency without compromising performance, style and practicality. Get the latest info on New or Used BMW 3 Series, BMW coupe or BMW 320i, 325i, 328i, 335i, M3, 325i, 320, 335id, 335ix, 335ic, 335ci. Get expert ratings and advice. If you're looking for a new set of rims for your BMW 3-Series, you've come to the right place. Here at AutoAnything, we have custom BMW 3-Series wheels & rims in your choice of polished, powder coated and plated finishes. Used BMW 3-Series at Perrys Car Dealers. Perrys Used BMW 3-Series can be found at our dealerships across the country. We believe we offer the best value for the Used BMW 3-Series Range and have presented here our best current. Audi A6 vs BMW 5 Series. Big executive cars need to offer a comfortable ride and keen company car tax costs. Does the Audi A6 or BMW 5 Series do it better? Check out the BMW 3-series review at CARandDRIVER.com. Use our Car Buying Guide to research BMW 3-series prices, specs, photos, videos, and more.Keep in mind that this article is specific to the 1. E3. 0 6 cylinder cars, however the basics apply to nearly all BMW's. First off, most modern BMW's from 1. Bosch Motronic fuel injection system. The Motronic system is probably one of the most reliable fuel systems on the market, and is still widely used in most European cars. While the system normally requires no adjustments, over time, heat and age will start to take it's toll on the various vacuum hoses on the engine. When vacuum hoses age, they dry out and crack. The result is vacuum leaks. A vacuum leak will usually cause the car to idle higher. You are introducing more air into the engine. If you look at the throttle body or carburetor of any car, it is essentially a valve or a series of valves. When you begin to open the valve, air is able to flow into the engine, increasing the engine speed. With a vacuum leak you are getting the exact same result. In some cases, even a leaking valve cover gasket or oil filler cap can cause this leak, so make sure your valve cover is properly sealed. To begin to diagnose the idle problem, we will need to first need to look at the vacuum hoses. In this case, I have decided to replace all the hoses just for extra insurance. Vacuum hose is cheap, so you might as well replace all the hoses. Now look at the passenger side of the engine at the top of the valve cover. Loosen the hose clamp on the hose coming out of the top of the valve cover. Now, follow the hose to the other connection on the throttle body. Loosen the hose clamp and remove the hose. This is the breather hose. It is an important part of the vehicle's emission system. It is used to recalculate oil vapor back into the engine to be burned again, rather than venting it out into the atmosphere. I found that the breather hose from the valve cover to the throttle body has an interesting size. One end is 1. 4mm and it sizes up to 2. You'll also notice that this hose is formed in such a way that it will clear a bend on the intake manifold. Rather than trying to splice together two different size hoses and snake them around the intake manifold, I simply ordered the OEM hose from BMW to save time. Do not connect it to the throttle body at this time. Now look above the valve cover on the intake manifold. You will see two small 3. On the left side, the hose is plugged up, on the right side; the hose connects to the fuel pressure regulator. This hose is used to help control the fuel pressure on the car using engine vacuum. Just remove the hose clamps on either end, and pull the old hoses off. Now cut the new hose to the same length as the old ones, push them on and tighten the hose clamps. With those hoses installed, now look at the driver's side of the engine down by the air cleaner. You will see the Air Mass Sensor bolted to the air box. One the other end of the sensor, there is a hose clamp that holds the intake air boot to the sensor. Loosen the hose clamp and carefully pull the air boot off the sensor. Unplug the air sensor, and just remove the two 1. Now look at the top of the air boot. You will see two fittings looking form the top. On the left side is the fitting for the idle control valve. On the right side is the vacuum attachment for the power brakes. Start out on the right side and loosen the hose clamp holding the brake fitting into the intake air boot. Now, on the right side, disconnect the electrical connector from the idle control valve, and remove the rubber strap holding the valve to the bracket. Now look at the other vacuum hose off the valve. We will simultaneously have to pull the valve out of both hoses. You may need to use a bit of force, however it will just pop out. If it hasn't already come off, remove the vacuum hose going from the control valve onto the throttle body fitting. With all the fittings out of the intake air boot, now loosen the hose clamp holding the boot to the throttle body. Now take the boot off. Before you continue, inspect the intake air boot for cracks. This is a common location for vacuum leaks. If you see any cracks or holes in the boot, replace it with a new one. Pelican carries these boots for $1. Now, look down under the throttle body. You will notice a vacuum hose attached to the throttle body, this is part of the emission control system. You should be able to just pull this hose off. Cut a section of new hose to the same length as the old one, and using hose clamps, attach it to the throttle body and the valve below. Now before we begin to re- install the boot and other items, we will need to check the throttle switch on the bottom of the throttle body. This switch is used to control the idle control valve. If this switch has a fault, it will cause the idle control valve to operate incorrectly. In order to test the switch, first remove the electrical connector from the switch. Just push down on the metal wire, and pull it off. Inside you will see three terminals. From the left, they are numbered 2 then 1. First, connect a digital multimeter between terminals 2 and 1. Now open the throttle halfway and slowly let it close. When it is between 0. Now, connect the multimeter between terminals 3 and 1. Now open the throttle slowly. Check for continuity when the throttle switch is within 1. If you don't see continuity while testing the terminals, loosen the screws on the bottom of the switch, and adjust the switch until it comes within these values. If you still do not have continuity, this means that the switch is bad and must be replaced. Pelican can provide you with this switch if needed. If the switch is good, re- connect the connector onto the switch. Once you have tested the throttle switch, the next step is to test the idle control valve. The idle control valve controls the amount of air that bypasses the throttle butterfly and keeps the engine idling. The throttle switch is used to control the idle control valve. Essentially, when the throttle is fully closed, the throttle switch sends a voltage to the idle control valve. This voltage opens the valve and allows air to pass, increasing idle speed. Now, connect the multimeter between the two outer terminals on the valve and check for resistance. There should be around 4. Ohms of resistance. Now check the center terminal and each of the two outer terminals. There should be roughly 2. Ohms of resistance between them. If you do not get these values, the switch has gone bad and must be replaced. Now, we will continue re- installing the various components of the intake system. First, take the new breather hose from the valve cover, and push it onto the port on the side of the throttle body and tighten the hose clamp. Next, re- install the intake air boot, and tighten the hose clamp that holds it on to the throttle body. Re- install the fitting for the brake booster and tighten the hose clamp. Now re- install the idle control valve into the intake air boot and into the fitting on the side of the throttle body. Re- connect the electrical connector and rubber strap onto the valve. The last step is to re- connect the mass airflow sensor into the intake air boot and tighten the hose clamp. Re- connect the electrical connection to the sensor. Now start the car and listen to your idle. If everything in within spec, you should have a smooth idle between 7. RPM. Well, there you have it - it's really not too difficult at all. If you would like to see more technical articles like this one, please continue to support Pelican Parts with all your parts needs. If you like what you see here, then please visit our online BMW catalog and help support the collection and creating of new and informative technical articles like this one. Your continued support directly affects the expansion and existence of this site and technical articles like this one. As always, if you have any questions or comments about this helpful article, please drop us a line. |
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